The+Bleeding+Disease

=Hemophilia-The Bleeding Disesase =

The Basics
//** What is hemophilia? **// The word **hemophilia** is Greek. “Hemo” means blood and “philia” means infection. Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn’t clot normally. After an injury, for example, you may bleed for a longer time than others. You also may bleed internally, especially near your knees, ankles, and elbows.

//** How is it passed? **// Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder so males inherit the allele for this disease from their mothers, who are carriers. Since it is X-linked, males are more likely to get hemophilia because they only need one recessive allele, whereas females need two recessive alleles. Females generally are not affected by hemophilia, yet, if they are carriers their male children have a fifty percent chance of being born hemophilic.



//** How does it affect the body? **// This bleeding may be life threatening, because it can damage your organs or tissues.

//** What harm can it cause? **// Without proper treatment hemophilia usually results in death of the host.

The Types
There are three types of hemophilia**,** type **A, B** and **C.** Those who have type **A** hemophilia do not have a sufficient amount of the blood clotting protein VIII. Type A hemophilia is more common than type B. About 9 out 10 people, who have hemophilia, have type A. Hemophilia A first appeared in the family of Great Britain’s Queen Victoria. Those who have **type B** hemophilia do not have enough of the blood clotting protein XI. It was Steven Christmas who was the first person diagnosed with hemophilia type B in the year 1952. Lastly, **type C** is not X-linked; it is autosomal. It is very uncommon and condition of the patient worses due to blood contamination. Having many transfusions can lead to contraction of HIV or Hepatitis.

History and Treatments
 ﻿ Hemophilia was first noticed in the second century AD and found in Jewish texts. An Arabic physician told about of family where males died after minor injuries. The first description was in 1803. A doctor, John Conrad Otto, wrote a book about his theory and an account of only certain families having this condition. It is also know as the royal disease because many men were affected by hemophilia in the royal families of Europe. Queen Victoria had a son, Prince Leopold, who died of a minor fall at age 31. Two of her daughters were carriers. Because of royalty marrying royalty the trait of hemophilia was passed through many royals among Spain, other parts of Europe, and Russia. There is no cure for hemophilia yet there are a couple different types of treatments. Some of the very early treatments were far fetched and appeared to help, such as: snake venom topically applied to a wound, peanut flour, and and extract of egg white. Other treatments have been found, like blood transfusions. Xyntha, is the anti-hemophilic factor and is used widely in the treatment of hemophilia. These products are quite expensive but they are very safe. Another treatment, prophylaxis is a procedure infuses the deficient clotting factor temporarily. This is used to possibly prevent spontaneous bleeding. Any and nearly all treatments are expensive and only temporary.


 * FACTS**

About 18,000 people in the United States have hemophilia. Each year, about 400 babies are born with the disorder. People born with hemophilia have little or no clotting factor, a protein needed for normal blood clotting. There are several types of clotting factors. These proteins work with platelets to help the blood clot. Platelets play a major role in blood clotting and are small blood cell fragments that from in the bone marrow. Without clotting factors, normal blood clotting cannot take place. Some people who have hemophilia need injections of a clotting factor or factors to stop bleeding.

People with Hemophilia usually have blood in their urine. If you have hemophilia you cannot see if you’re bleeding into your muscle tissue, but you will have pain and swelling. Bleeding into your joints is the most painful part of hemophilia, the most commonly affected areas are knees, elbows, shoulders, and wrists. You may feel a warm prickly-like feeling before the swelling and pain occurs. Even if you have barely any pain you can be bleeding severely andifyou have abnormal bleeding after a surgery or injury. There is also easy bruising, frequent nosebleeds, weakness and paleness in the affected area, numbness, severe pain during movement, and hemorrhaging.
 * SYMPTOMS**



= People with Hemophilia = //**Richard Burton**// He was a famous actor in the 60s and 70s. He had a milder form of hemophilia. He started his own fund to raise money for the disorder and more research on it for the benefit of others. He died of cerebral hemorrhage at 58.

//**Mother Teresa**// Mother Teresa was believed to have Hemophilia. Since it is a sex-linked disorder she would have to have an X chromosome from each of her parents. Before the mid-20th century most of the people with this disorder died at a young age, yet she died at 87.

//**Ryan White**// He received blood transfusions after an episode of bleeding because of his disorder. The blood from the transfusion led to his positive test for HIV. Before his death he remained at school and became famous for it.

//**Prince Leopold**// Because of his disease he was unable to serve in the military. The prince had a hemophilia related death in 1884.

Try one of these interactive games for a fun and learning of genetics. There are seven different games. They are more simple yet they still help with a better understanding of gentics. [] Another game is the Punnet Square Hoop Shoot. You are asked several questions about genotypes and phenotypes of different punnet squares. [] This is a sight that tells about Mother Teresa's life and accomplishments, along with what affect she had on the world. [|Mother Teresa] Isaac

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 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Works Cited **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Annika, Haley, Kelsie